Iyalin Crassulaceae

Duk nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai suna cikin abin da aka sani da iyali. Idan muna magana game da masarautar shuka, wannan zai zama ilimin tsirrai. Da kyau to: daga cikin dukkan iyalai da ke wanzu a duniyar masu maye, mai yiwuwa shine wanda ya fi mahimmanci, saboda yana da nau'ikan ƙima waɗanda ke da sauƙin kulawa, shine Crassulaceae.

An kiyasta cewa akwai kusan 1400 daban -daban (ba ƙidaya cultivars da hybrids), waɗanda ke cikin nau'ikan 35. Kuma kodayake galibi ana samun su a arewacin duniya da kudancin Afirka, za mu iya cewa (kusan) ba zai yuwu ba a sami kowane tarin masu maye, daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Menene halayen Crassulaceae?

Crassulaceae, ko Crassulaceae, su tsire -tsire ne, ƙanana, arboreal kuma, da wuya, tsire -tsire na ruwa. Galibin jinsuna suna rayuwa ne a yankuna masu bushewa ko na m, inda ruwa ya yi karanci kuma yanayin zafi na iya yin yawa. A sakamakon haka, ganyen ya zama tafki na ruwa mai daraja, godiya ga abin da suke rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin lokaci.

Waɗannan ganyayyaki suna da sauƙi, amma tsarin ya bambanta daga nau'in zuwa wani: wasu suna canzawa, wasu sabanin haka, wasu rosettes na asali ... Launin yana iya zama daban, kodayake ya saba a gare su su kasance masu launin kore. Amma ga furanni, hermaphrodites ne, yawanci fari, kuma 'ya'yan itacen sun bushe, a cikin capsules ko follicles. A ciki suna ɗauke da ƙananan tsaba masu launin duhu.

Ta yaya suke photosynthesize? CAM metabolism

Waɗannan tsirrai suna yin photosynthesize ta wata hanya ta daban, alal misali, bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyin da galibi muke gani a cikin lambuna. Lokacin rayuwa a wuraren da yanayin zafi yayi zafi sosai da rana, adana ruwa yana da mahimmanci.

Shi ya sa, sun samo asali don photosynthesize a matakai biyu. da diurnal, wanda a cikin sa ake sakin wannan acid a cikin tsirrai don samar da carbohydrates, wanda shine abincin su.

Babban dangin Crassulaceae

Mafi mahimmanci kuma sanannen asalin halittar Crassulaceae sune masu zuwa:

Adromischus

Adromischus ƙananan tsire -tsire ne masu ƙima, wanda sun kai santimita 2-5 a mafi yawa, ya mamaye kudancin Afirka. Ganyen yana da jiki, zagaye, shuka ko siffa mai siffa. Furannunsa suna fitowa daga tsakiyar kowane mutum, suna haɓaka.

Akwai kimanin nau'ikan 28 da aka yarda da su, daga cikinsu Adromischus cooperi shine yafi kowa.

Aeonium

da Aeonium Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan tsirrai masu tushe waɗanda suka samo asali daga Tsibirin Canary, amma kuma daga Madeira, Maroko da gabashin Afirka. Ganyen ta ya fi ko flatasa lebur, koren ko launin ruwan kasa., kuma galibi suna haɓaka tsayin tsayin kusan santimita 30 a matsakaita.

Akwai nau'ikan 75 da aka yarda da su, nau'in nau'in shine Aeonium itace.

Bayani

A Cotyledons shuke -shuke ne na kudancin Afirka, waɗanda ganyayensu masu nama ne, kuma suna da launi da siffa daban -daban (Akwai kore, glaucous, zagaye ko elongated, da sauransu). Wasu na iya kaiwa tsayin santimita 60. Furannin suna fitowa daga tsinken furanni, kuma galibi orange ne.

Akwai nau'ikan 12 da aka yarda da su, wanda aka fi sani da su Cotyledon orbiculata.

Crassula

An wakilci nau'in halittar Crassula a sassa da yawa na duniya, amma mafi yawan iri ana shuka su ne daga Afirka ta Kudu. Suna iya kaiwa tsayin santimita 20, ko kuma zuwa mita 2,5. Ganyen yana da jiki, koren ganye ko ciyayi, kuma ana tattara furanni a cikin inflorescences.

Akwai jimlar nau'ikan 620. Daga cikin waɗannan, wasu daga cikin mashahuran su ne crassula ovata y Crassula kayan kwalliya.

echeveria

Jinsi na echeveria Yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi so, daga abin da na sami damar tabbatar da shiga cikin wuraren tattaunawa na shuka, da kuma a cikin rukunin masu cin nasara na Facebook. Ganye ne da ke zaune a kudu maso yammacin Amurka, Mexico, Amurka ta Tsakiya, da Arewacin Kudancin Amurka. Ganyen suna da jiki, ɗan zagaye, kuma launuka daban -daban (ruwan hoda, shuɗi, ruwan hoda). Daga tsakiyar kowane rosette yana tsiro da fure mai fure, shima yana da jiki, tare da furannin hermaphroditic na ja, orange, rawaya, fari, kore ko ruwan hoda.

An kiyasta cewa akwai nau'ikan 393, nau'in nau'in shine Echeveria kofi. Don girma akan farfajiya, muna bada shawara Echeveria elegans, echeveria laui da / ko echeveria subrigida.

Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe shrubs ko herbaceous, yawanci perennial ko da yake akwai wasu shekara -shekara ko biennials, 'yan asalin tsohuwar da Sabuwar Duniya, kodayake suna da yawa musamman a Madagascar. Sun kai tsayi wanda ko dai bai wuce mita ɗaya ba, ko kuma zai iya kaiwa mita 6. Ganyen yana da jiki, launin koren launi, kuma gefuna suna tsinke, tsatsa ko siffa mai haƙora. Furannunsa suna bayyana a cikin panicles, corymbs ko cymes, kuma suna ruwan lemo ko launin ja.

Akwai nau'ikan 125, kasancewar waɗanda muka zaɓa muku masu zuwa: Kalanchoe beharensis, Kalanchoe orgyalis y kalanchoe pinnata.

Kore

Tsarin halittar Sedum ya ƙunshi tsire -tsire na shekara -shekara ko na shekara -shekara waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi ko ma yankuna masu sanyi a duniya. Ganyen yana da jiki, lebur ko cylindrical, mai launi daban -daban. Furannin hermaphroditic ne, galibi launin rawaya ne.

Akwai kusan nau'ikan 400 da aka yarda da su, kamar su Sedum kadada ko Kundin waka Sedum.

sempervivum

Mun ƙare tare da jinsi Sempervivum. Asalinsa Yammacin Turai ne, kuma yana tsiro yana yin rosettes na jiki, fiye ko triasa mai kusurwa uku, koren ganye. An tattara furanni a cikin inflorescences kuma suna rawaya, ja ko ruwan hoda dangane da iri -iri. Bayan fure, wannan rosette ya mutu.

Akwai kusan nau'ikan 30, wanda muke haskakawa Sempervivum arachnoideum y Kamfani mai kwakwalwa.

Me kuke tunani game da tsire -tsire na dangin Crassulaceae?