Kodi cacti ndi zina zokoma zimachokera kuti?

Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti chiyambi cha cacti ndi zina zotsekemera ndi chiyani? Inde inde, sichoncho? Ndipo ndikuti mitundu iyi ya zomera ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango ndi minda yapadziko lapansi. Ngakhale, zonse ziyenera kunenedwa: mikhalidwe yomwe adakhalamo ndiyonso yapadera.

Njira zosinthira zakhala zosangalatsa, mosakayikira. Kotero Musaphonye nkhaniyi kotero mutha kumachita mantha kwambiri mukawona zosonkhanitsa zanu.

Kodi cacti adachokera kuti?

Cacti ndi mbewu zokoma zomwe zakwanitsa kugonjetsa mtima ndi moyo wopitilira umodzi. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kukhulupirira kuti mitundu yambiri ili ndi mtengo wotsika, china chomwe chimangowonjezera chidwi chathu ndikukhumba kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri.

Tikafuna kufufuza chiyambi chake tikuyenera kubwerera pakati pa zaka 80 ndi 60 miliyoni, mu nyengo ya Cretaceous. Panthawiyo, anali mbewu zachikhalidwe, masamba osavuta kugawa mothandizidwa ndi helical, ndi tsinde lomwe linali ndi nkhuni (secondary xylem), mungu ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ku South America komwe tsopano, koma kamodzi komwe kanali gawo la Pangea.

Pangea inali yayikulu kwambiri pogawa magawo ndi kuyenda kwa tectonic mbale (zomwe zidutswa za "puzzle" zomwe zimapanga Earth Earth), yomwe idasangalala ndi nyengo yofunda. Pamene zivomezi ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri kunagawanitsa izi, makontinenti onse omwe tikudziwa lero amapita kumalo awo apano.

Izi zidabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu, nyama ndi zomera. Pankhani ya cacti wakale, akudziwona okha ali mdera lomwe mvula imagwa pang'ono pomwe dzuwa limawala kwambiri, thupi lake linasintha kuti lizolowere. Ena adayamba kukula padziko lonse lapansi, kukhala pafupi ndi nthaka, ena adakula msinkhu.

Koma kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri kunali m'malo mwa masamba ndi minga. Sakanathanso photosynthesize kudzera mwa iwo, koma panalibe vuto: tsinde linayamba kutulutsa chlorophyll, ndipo monga chotulukapo, kunasanduka chobiriwira.

Pakadali pano, zimadziwika kuti pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya cacti yokhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 2500. Inde, sanachitepo zoyipa konse.

Kodi zomera zokoma zimachokera kuti?

Ma succulents, kapena osakhala a cacti, Ndi mbewu zomwe zidawonekera pambuyo pa cacti, pamene "chidutswa" chomwe lero ndi dziko la Africa chinali kudziyang'ana chokha, nthawi zonse pang'ono ndi pang'ono komanso kupitilira mamiliyoni a zaka, momwe ziliri pano. Tsopano, mwatsoka, sizikudziwika kuti crass idayamba liti kusinthika kwawo.

Zomwe ndikukuwuzani motsimikiza ndikuti, mitundu yambiri ya zokometsera, wokhala m'banja la botanical Aizoaceae makamaka (Ma Lithops kapena Argyroderma), mudzawapeza kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, ku Horn of Africa, monga Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho kapena South Africa. Tsopano, muyenera kudziwa kuti pali mbewu zina, monga Sempervivum kapena Aeonium, zomwe sizomwe zili pano, koma kuchokera kuzilumba za Canary, Alps, Carpathians, Balkan kapena Turkey, pakati pa zina.

Kodi mwapeza kuti nkhaniyi ndi yochititsa chidwi? Ngati mukukayika, musawasiye mchitsime cha inki. 😉