Kodi mawonekedwe a cacti ndi ati?

Tikangoyamba kumene kudziko lokoma, ndizofala kuti onse aziwoneka chimodzimodzi. M'malo mwake, kuganiza kuti chomera ndi cactus pomwe kwenikweni ndi chomera chokoma ndichinthu chomwe chimachitika nthawi zambiri. Ndipo zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri akakuwuzani kuti si ma cacti onse omwe ali ndi minga, ndipo si onse okoma omwe alibe vuto lililonse.

Kodi mawonekedwe a cacti ndi ati? Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi zina zamasamba zomwe timapeza zogulitsa ku nazale?

Chiyambi ndi kusinthika kwa cacti

Cacti ndi mbewu za banja la botanical Cactaceae. Onse a iwo amachokera ku America, makamaka ku Central America, koma pali zosiyana: Rhipsalis baccifera, yomwe imakula mwachilengedwe ku Africa.

Izi chidwi zomera adayamba kusinthika zaka 80 miliyoni zapitazo, pamene zomwe tikudziwa lero ngati America zidalumikizidwa ndi enawo, motero ndikupanga supercontinent yotchedwa Pangea, yomwe panthawiyo idali itagawika kale.

Ofufuzawo sanapeze zotsalira zambiri zakale, ndiye kuti pakadali pano adatha kungoganiza. Panthawiyo, ku Central America nyengo inali yotentha, kotero kuti Akukayikira kuti cacti adayamba kusandulika ngati mbewu zosakoma: ndi masamba, zimayambira, ndi maluwa omwe amatulutsa mungu ndi mbewu.

Lero titha kudziwa momwe ma cacti oyambawo ayenera kuti analili, popeza talandira imodzi: mtundu wa Pereskia, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri pakati pa cacti.

Pamene kontinenti yaku America idafika pomwe ilipo, madera ambiri omwe kale anali ndi zomera pang'onopang'ono adayamba kuuma. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo, cacti idachokera masamba obiriwira kupita kuminga. Kotero, ntchito ya photosynthesis inagwera pazitsulo, zomwe zinasanduka zobiriwira - nthawi zambiri - ndi chlorophyll.

Kodi ndi makhalidwe otani?

Tsopano popeza tadziwa momwe kusinthika kwa cacti kungakhalire, tiwone mawonekedwe awo; ndiye kuti, ziwalo zake ndi ziti:

Areola

Ndiwo chizindikiro cha cacti. Ali amapezeka mu nthiti, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri: kuchokera kwa iwo kutuluka minga, maluwa ndipo nthawi zina zimayambira.

Minga

Muzomera izi amadziwika kuti msana wamasamba. Zili pafupi mapangidwe ovuta omwe amaperekedwa ndi minofu ya mtima (ndiye kuti, ali ndi chakudya chawo). Amatha kukhala amitundu ingapo: kutalika mpaka 30cm, lalifupi 1mm, wandiweyani, wowonda kwambiri, wopindika kapena wowongoka.

Mitundu yambiri ya cacti imakhala ndi minyewa yapakati, yomwe ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yayitali kwambiri, komanso yolemera kwambiri, yocheperako komanso yambiri.

Zomera

Iwo amakhala okhaokha ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hermaphroditic. Zingwe zimakonzedwa mozungulira, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ofanana ndi masamba. Izi, polumikizana, zimapanga chubu choyenda nthawi yayitali. Androecium imapangidwa ndi ma stamens ambiri, nthawi zambiri amtundu wachikaso; ndipo gynoecium imapangidwa ndi ma carpels atatu kapena kupitilira apo (masamba osinthidwa omwe amakhala ndi chibowo chimodzi kapena zingapo).

Zipatso

Zipatso Nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 1 ndi 5cm m'litali. Akakhwima, amakhalabe otseka mpaka kuwola.

Mbewu

Iwo ali zochepa kwambiri, osachepera 0,3cm m'mimba mwake. Nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda komanso olimba.

Tsinde

Tsinde lake ndi lokoma, kutanthauza kuti limasunga madzi. Mitundu itatu ikuluikulu imasiyanitsidwa:

• cladode: tsinde ndi lathyathyathya, loboola pakati. Chitsanzo: Opuntia sp.
• columnar: zimayambira ndi zozungulira ndipo zimakula kwambiri. Zitsanzo: Pachycereus pringlei kapena Carnegiea gigantea.
• Globose: tsinde limatenga mawonekedwe ozungulira. Zitsanzo: Ferocactus sp kapena Echinocactus grusonii.

Ngati mukukayika, musazisiye mu chitsime cha inki 😉.