La I-Opuntia ficus-indica Yi-cactus eshinyeneyo enokukhula ngokukhawuleza nokuba imeko yemozulu yomile kwaye umhlaba uphantsi kwizakhamzimba. Ngesi sizathu, sesinye sezityalo esihlasele kumazwe amaninzi, ngakumbi emazantsi eSpain.
Kodwa oku akufuneki ukuba kube kukuphazamiseka, kungabi kubi kakhulu ubuncinci. Inokusetyenziswa okuninzi kwi-gastronomy, yiyo loo nto ukulinywa kwayo kuvunyelwe kwiindawo ezithile.
Imvelaphi kunye neempawu ze I-Opuntia ficus-indica
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Diego Delso
La I-Opuntia ficus-indica yi-cactus shrubby eyeyendalo I-Opuntia. Inzalelwa eMexico, nangona ingafunyanwa zombini kumathafa asezantsi eCanada ukuya kwiStrait yaseMagellan (emazantsi eChile). Yaziswa eYurophu phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, ngabo babizwa ngokuba ngaboyisi baseSpain.
Lubonakala ngokufikelela kubude obuziimitha ezi-5. Ayinamagqabi enjalo, kodwa inamacandelo abizwa ngokuba zii-cladode okanye iziqu ezithe tyaba okanye zangaphantsi, zi-oval, kwaye ziluhlaza.. Iindidi ezimbini zeentsiba zihluma kwii-areolas zazo: ezona ziphambili zinde kwaye zinzima, kwaye eziradiyali zicolile kwaye zimfutshane. Ezi zokugqibela zezona zibamba ngokulula ulusu kunye / okanye impahla ngokuzibamba nje.
Ngokubhekisele kwiintyatyambo, zihluma phezulu kumacandelo, kanye ngonyaka, kwaye zimthubi okanye zibomvu. Isiqhamo sijikijolo esimile okweqanda kunye nemilinganiselo emalunga neesentimitha eziyi-5-7 ubukhulu ngeesentimitha ezi-5-11 ubude.
Yaziwa kakhulu njengomthi womkhiwane, ityhuna, i-palera, okanye ipere, kwaye yenye yeecactus enokusetyenziswa kakhulu.
Yintoni enokusetyenzwa ngeeperile ezinqabileyo?
Ipeyinti enqabileyo yicactus ekhula ngokukhawuleza esetyenziswayo ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Njengokuba:
Ukusetyenziswa komzimba
Injalo ke. Sisityalo esidliwayo. Amacandelo amancinci angatyiwa kwiisaladi; Y iziqhamo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengee-dessert, kunye nokulungiselela iisosi kunye nejem. Ezi zinencasa emnandi kakhulu, kwaye zinokutyiwa zintsha ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango
Iipricks ezinqabileyo, njengoko zisaziwa njalo eSpain, ziziqhamo ze I-Opuntia ficus-indica, kwaye zinesondlo kakhulu. Ziqulathe iivithamini A, C, B1, B2, kunye ne-B3, kunye ne-calcium, i-iron, i-phosphorus kunye ne-zinc. Ngesi sizathu, Kuyathakazelisa ukubabandakanya ekutyeni njengoko kuya kusinceda ukuba somelele okomzimba.
Ngokubhekisele kumacandelo, ukuba amatsha kwaye ashushu e-oveni, ke anokusetyenziswa njengeemollients. Ukwenza oku, iinkukhu zenziwe kwaye zibekwe kwindawo efunekayo xa sele zivunyelwe ukupholisa kancinci.
abanye
Olunye usetyenziso lweeperile ezinqabileyo zezi:
- Kwizithambiso: iimveliso zobuso zenziwa ngayo.
- Ikhonza khulisa mealybugs ezibomvu (igama lesayensi: I-Dactylopius coccusItya incindi yayo. Ngokwenza njalo, ifumaneka idayi esetyenziswa njengebala.
- Kwixesha elidlulileyo ibisetyenziswa njenge nto yokudlala, idibanisa amacandelo amabini ajikeleziweyo ngeentonga.
- Okwangoku, Ikhona kwiflegi nakwingubo yeengalo zaseMexico.
Kutheni le nto ingenayo?
La I-Opuntia ficus-indica luhlobo olukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, oluthi ikwazile ukwenziwa indalo ngakumbi kummandla weMeditera. Apho, amaqondo obushushu aphakathi, afudumeleyo ehlotyeni, kunye nemvula edla ngokuna kuphela entwasahlobo nasekwindla, zinika isityalo oko kufuneka sikhule.
Yongezwe kule nto yokuba xa icandelo liwela emhlabeni, ngokukhawuleza liza neengcambu kwaye liqala ukukhula. Kwaye le yingxaki kwizityalo zemveli, ezikhula kancinci kancinci. Yiyo loo nto, ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe into ukuyithintela, inye ipere erhabaxa inokuphelisa ukutshabalalisa indalo yendawo ethile.
Ngesi sizathu, ukusukela ngo-2013 ibandakanyiwe kwiKhathalogu yaseSpain yeeNdidi eziNgenayo eziNqabileyo, kunye negama opuntia maxima Miller, esisinye sezithethantonye ze I-Opuntia ficus-indica. Ngenxa yoku, ubunini bayo, ukugcwala kwabantu, ukuthuthwa kwayo kunye nokungeniswa kwayo kwindalo akuvumelekanga.
Nangona kukho ukungafani. Njengoko ityiwa, eSpain iyavunyelwa ukuba ikhule okoko ingaziswanga kwindalo kwaye ilawulwa.
Zithini iinkathazo zecactus?
Ukuthathela ingqalelo le nto siyithethileyo, siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni le I-Opuntia ficus-indica ukwazi ukuba uphile. Kodwa okokuqala, sifuna ukugxininisa ukuba ayinakulityalwa ukuba luhlobo olunamandla angenelelayo, yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nalo kwindawo esaziyo ukuba ayizukubangela monakalo.
- Ubicación: kufuneka uyibeke ngaphandle, ukuze ikwazi ukunika ilanga ngqo.
- Umhlaba okanye i-substrate: ayinandaba, kodwa kufuneka ifunxe amanzi ngokukhawuleza.
- Unkcenkceshelo: ukuba iyabiliswa, iyakunkcenkceshelwa amaxesha ngamaxesha, i-substrate yome ngaphambi kokuyinkcenkceshela kwakhona; kodwa ukuba isesitiyeni kuya kufuneka ukhathazeke ngayo malunga nonyaka wokuqala.
- Ukuthena: ungayithena entwasahlobo okanye ehlotyeni, kodwa ulumke ngameva ayo.
- Izinambuzane: I-mealybugs sisitshabalalisi esenza owona monakalo mkhulu, kodwa zisuswe ngomhlaba owomileyo (iyathengiswa apha) okanye nge-anti-mealybug (iyathengiswa apha). Kuya kufuneka ubeke iliso kwi isineyile.
- Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza: ukumelana neqabaka ukuya ku -5ºC.
Njani nge I-Opuntia ficus-indica?