Yiziphi izici ze-cacti?

Lapho siqala ukungena ezweni lama-succulent, kuvame kakhulu kubo bonke ukuthi babukeke becishe bafane. Eqinisweni, ukucabanga ukuthi isitshalo yi-cactus ngenkathi empeleni kuyisitshalo esimnandi kuyinto eyenzeka kaningi kakhulu. Futhi izinto ziba nzima nakakhulu uma bekutshela ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-cacti anameva, futhi akuwona wonke ama-succulent angenabungozi.

Yiziphi izici ze-cacti? Ungawahlukanisa kanjani kwezinye izidalwa zemifino esizithola zithengiswa ezinkulisa?

Umsuka nokuvela kwe-cacti

I-Cacti yizitshalo ezingezomndeni wezitshalo zeCactaceae. Konke badabuka eMelika, ikakhulukazi egxile eMelika Ephakathi, kepha kukhona okuhlukile: iRhipsalis baccifera, ekhula ngokwemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika.

Lezi zitshalo curious baqala ukuvela kwabo cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-80 edlule, lapho lokho esikwaziyo namuhla njengeMelika kuhlanganiswa namanye, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwa izwekazi elikhulu elibizwa ngePangea, elalivele lisendleleni yokuqhekeka.

Abaphenyi abakatholi izinsalela eziningi zezinsalela, ngakho-ke okwamanje bakwazile ukwenza ukucabanga. Ngaleso sikhathi, eMelika Ephakathi isimo sezulu sasomile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ICacti kusolwa ukuthi iqale ukuvela kwayo njengezitshalo ezingenamanzi: ngamaqabunga, iziqu ezinamandla, nezimbali ezikhiqize impova nembewu.

Namuhla singathola umbono wokuthi kufanele ngabe zazinjani lezo ze-cacti zokuqala, ngoba umuntu uze kithi: lezo zohlobo lwePereskia, ezithathwa njengezinhlobo zakudala kakhulu phakathi kwe-cacti.

Ngenkathi izwekazi laseMelika lifinyelela lapho likhona, izindawo eziningi ezazimbozwe izitshalo kancane kancane zaba ukoma. Ukuze usinde, icacti isuka ekubeni namaqabunga aluhlaza yaya emeveni. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi we-photosynthesis wawela ezihlokweni, ezaphendulwa zaba luhlaza - ezimweni eziningi- yi-chlorophyll.

Ziziphi izici zayo?

Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi ukuvela kwe-cacti bekungaba kanjani, ake sibone ukuthi ziyini izici zazo; okungukuthi, zithini izingxenye zayo:

I-Areola

Kuyisibonakaliso esikhombisayo se-cacti. Ingabe zitholakala ezimbanjeni, futhi zibaluleke kakhulu: kuzo kuvela ameva, izimbali futhi kwesinye isikhathi neziqu.

Ameva

Kulezi zitshalo zaziwa ngokuthi ama-spines amaqabunga. Zimayelana ukwakheka okunamandla okunikezwe izicubu zemithambo yegazi (okusho ukuthi, banokudla kwabo). Zingaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene: zide zifike ku-30cm, zibe mfushane ngo-1mm, ziwugqinsi, zibe mncane kakhulu, zigobe noma ziqonde.

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-cacti zinezinsipho eziphakathi nendawo, okuyizinto ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinde kakhulu, futhi ezishisayo, mncane kakhulu futhi ziningi kakhulu.

Izikhukhula

Zizodwa futhi kaningi zi-hermaphroditic. Izindwangu zihlelwe ngumoya, okwenza zibukeke zifana namacembe. Lezi, lapho zijoyina, zakha ithubhu elihamba phambili. I-androecium yakhiwa izigaxa eziningi, ngokuvamile ziphuzi ngombala; futhi i-gynoecium yakhiwa ngo-carpels abathathu noma ngaphezulu (amaqabunga aguquliwe aqukethe i-ovules elilodwa noma amaningi).

Izithelo

Izithelo zivame ukukala phakathi kuka-1 no-5cm ubude. Uma esevuthiwe, ahlala avaliwe aze abole.

Imbewu

wakhe kuncane kakhulu, ingaphansi kuka-0,3cm ububanzi. Imvamisa zimnyama futhi zinzima.

Isiqu

Isiqu sinamanzi, okusho ukuthi sigcina amanzi. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zihlukanisiwe:

• I-Cladodio: isiqu sicwecwe, simise okwerakhethi. Isibonelo: Opuntia sp.
• Ikholomu: iziqu zimile okweqanda futhi zikhula zime mpo. Izibonelo: IPachycereus pringlei noma iCarnegiea gigantea.
• Globose: isiqu sithatha isimo esiyindilinga. Izibonelo: Ferocactus sp or Echinocactus grusonii.

Uma ungabaza, ungakushiyi emthonjeni ink.